Canada among the top 3 countries to live in compared to more than 174 countries measuring over 200 performance factors. Canada is ranked as the 10th highest nation in the Human Development Index (HDI) which measures life expectancy, education and per capita income.
CANADA – THE BIG PICTURE
Canada is the second largest country in the world stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, the USA in the south and into the Arctic Circle in the north. It is organised in 10 Provinces and 3 Territories. Canada’s population is just over 35 million. More than half live in the metropolitan areas of its 9 largest cities: Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Ottawa, Edmonton, Quebec, Winnipeg and Hamilton.
WHY CANADA?
If you are looking to build a new life in one of the safest, most immigrant friendly countries in the world, then Canada is the place for you. Canada upholds the core values of equality, diversity and respect for the individual. A country built on immigration, Canada has a peaceful multicultural society with a stable democratic government and a robust economy that provides a wealth of opportunities at every level.
| Country | Canada |
|---|---|
| Flag |  |
| Capital | Ottawa |
| Largest City | Toronto |
| Area | 9,984,670 km2 |
| Population | 34.88 million |
| GDP per capita(2012) | 52,218.99 USD |
| Gross domestic product | 1.821 trillion USD (2012) |
| Abbreviation | CA |
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Canada with 9 984 670 km2 in area, is the world’s second largest country surpassed only by the Russian Federation.
Ottawa, in the province of Ontario. is the Canada capital and Toronto is the largest ciy.
Canada has 10 provinces and 3 territories, each with its own capital city (in brackets): Alberta (Edmonton); British Columbia (Victoria); Prince Edward Island (Charlottetown); Manitoba (Winnipeg); New Brunswick (Fredericton); Nova Scotia (Halifax); Nunavut (Iqaluit); Ontario (Toronto); Quebec (Quebec City); Saskatchewan (Regina); Newfoundland and Labrador (St. John’s); Northwest Territories (Yellowknife); and Yukon Territory (Whitehorse).
Diversity is the keynote of Canada’s geography, which includes fertile plains suitable for agriculture, vast mountain ranges, lakes and rivers. Wilderness forests give way to Arctic tundra in the Far North.
There are many climatic variations in Canada, ranging from the permanently frozen icecaps north of the 70th parallel to the luxuriant vegetation of British Columbia’s west coast. Canada’s most populated regions, which lie in the country’s south beside the U.S. border, enjoy four distinct seasons. Daytime summer temperatures can rise to 35ºC and higher, while lows of -25ºC are not uncommon in winter. More moderate temperatures are the norm in spring and fall.
Canada maintains 38 national parks, which cover about 2% of the country’s landmass. Banff, located on the eastern slopes of Alberta’s Rocky Mountains, is the oldest (est. 1885); Tuktut Nogait, in the Northwest Territories, was established in 1996. There are 836 national historic sites, designated in honour of people, places and events that figure in the country’s history. Canada also has over 1000 provincial parks and nearly 50 territorial parks.
Canada’s terrain incorporates a number of mountain ranges: the Torngats, Appalachians and Laurentians in the east; the Rocky, Coastal and Mackenzie ranges in the west; and Mount St. Elias and the Pelly Mountains in the north. At 6050 m, Mount Logan in the Yukon is Canada’s tallest peak.
There are some two million lakes in Canada, covering about 7.6% of the Canadian landmass. The main lakes, in order of the surface area located in Canada (many large lakes are traversed by the Canada-U.S. border), are Huron, Great Bear, Superior, Great Slave, Winnipeg, Erie and Ontario. The largest lake situated entirely in Canada is Great Bear Lake (31 326 km2) in the Northwest Territories.
The St. Lawrence (3058 km long) is Canada’s most important river, providing a seaway for ships from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. The longest Canadian river is the Mackenzie, which flows 4241 km through the Northwest Territories. Other large watercourses include the Yukon and the Columbia (parts of which flow through U.S. territory), the Nelson, the Churchill, and the Fraser–along with major tributaries such as the Saskatchewan, the Peace, the Ottawa, the Athabasca, and the Liard.
Canada has six time zones. The easternmost, in Newfoundland, is three hours and 30 minutes behind Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). The other time zones are the Atlantic, the Eastern, the Central, the Rocky Mountain and, farthest west, the Pacific, which is eight hours behind GMT.
Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a federal state with a democratic parliament. The Parliament of Canada, in Ottawa, consists of the House of Commons, whose members are elected, and the Senate, whose members are appointed. On average, members of Parliament are elected every four years.
Canada’s constitution contains a Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which sets out certain fundamental freedoms and rights that neither Parliament nor any provincial legislature acting alone can change. These include equality rights, mobility rights, and legal rights, together with freedoms such as speech, association, and peaceful assembly.
The maple leaf has been associated with Canada for some time: in 1868, it figured in coats of arms granted to Ontario and Quebec; and in both world wars, it appeared on regimental badges. Since the 1965 introduction of the Canadian flag, the maple leaf has become the country’s most important symbol.
Several people participated in designing the Canadian flag. Jacques St. Cyr contributed the stylized maple leaf, George Bist the proportions, and Dr. Gunter Wyszechi the coloration. The final determination of all aspects of the new flag was made by a 15-member parliamentary committee, which is formally credited with the design. After lengthy debate, the new flag was adopted by Parliament. It officially became the national flag on February 15, 1965, now recognized as Canada’s Flag Day.
O Canada was composed in 1880, with music by Calixa Lavallée and words by Judge Adolphe-Basile Routhier. In 1908, Robert Stanley Weir wrote the translation on which the present English lyric is based. On July 1, 1980, a century after being sung for the first time, O Canada was proclaimed the national anthem.
The Canadian dollar is divided into 100 cents ( each cent equals a penny ), however since middle of 2013 Canada phase out the penny from Canada’s coinage system ( Phasing out penny from circulation )
Canada’s population was over 34.88 million in 2012
The leading Canadian cities are Toronto ( in Ontario ) , Montreal ( in Quebec ) , Vancouver (in British Colombia ) and Ottawa, the National Capital of Canada in Ontario.
A large majority of Canadians, 77 percent, live in cities and towns.
Canada ranks sixth in the world in standard of living (measured according to gross domestic product per capita), behind only the United States, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Germany, and Japan. Canada’s rank among nations tends to rise even higher in assessments that consider GDP per capita along with other factors (e.g., life expectancy, education) that contribute to “quality of life.”
Basic health care, with the exception of some services such as dental, is free at the point of delivery. And prescription drugs are in most cases dispensed without charge to people over 65 and social aid recipients. Canada also has an extensive social security network, including an old age pension, a family allowance, unemployment insurance and welfare.
In 2006, about 3% of Canadians belonged to one or more of the three Aboriginal groups recognized by the Constitution Act, 1982: North American Indian, Métis, or Inuit. Of this percentage, about 69% are North American Indian, 26% Métis, and 5% Inuit.
According to the 2001 census, more 77% of Canadians are Christian, with Catholics accounting for about 44% of the population and Protestants about 29%. Other religions include Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism and Buddhism. Some 16.5%, more than any single denomination except Roman Catholic, have no religious affiliation at all.
Canada has two official languages: English, the mother tongue of about 65% of Canadians; and French, the first language of 21% of the population. 14% have either more than one mother tongue or a mother tongue other than English or French, such as Chinese, Italian, German, Polish, Spanish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Ukrainian, Arabic, Dutch, Tagalog, Greek, Vietnamese, Cree, Inuktitut, or other languages. The Official Languages Act makes French and English the official languages of Canada and provides for special measures aimed at enhancing the vitality and supporting the development of English and French linguistic minority communities. Canada’s federal institutions reflect the equality of its two official languages by offering bilingual services
The educational system varies from province to province and includes six to eight years of elementary school, four or five years of secondary school and three or four years at the university undergraduate level. The 2006 census revealed that, among Canadians aged 15 and over, about 23% had graduated from secondary school, some 9% had bachelor’s degrees, and about 6% had advanced degrees.
Canada’s most popular sports include swimming, ice hockey, cross-country and alpine skiing, baseball, tennis, basketball and golf. Ice hockey and lacrosse are Canada’s national sports.
The principal natural resources are natural gas, oil, gold, coal, copper, iron ore, nickel, potash, uranium and zinc, along with wood and water.
These include automobile manufacturing, pulp and paper, iron and steel work, machinery and equipment manufacturing, mining, extraction of fossil fuels, forestry and agriculture.
Canada’s leading exports are automobile vehicles and parts, machinery and equipment, high-technology products, oil, natural gas, metals, and forest and farm products.
